Steering

Steering systems facilitate directional control by transmitting driver input to vehicle wheels. Components include steering wheels, columns, gears (rack & pinion, steering box), tie rod assemblies, and steering knuckles. Power steering systems utilize hydraulic or electric assistance to reduce driver effort. Modern systems increasingly integrate electronic control units for variable assist and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) functionality. Key technical features involve gear ratios influencing steering feel, linkage geometry affecting alignment, and sensor integration for active steering control. Components are located throughout the chassis, connecting the driver interface to wheel hubs.