Engine electronics encompass the sensors, actuators, and control modules governing internal combustion engine operation. These components are integrated throughout the engine, intake, and exhaust systems to monitor parameters like temperature, pressure, and airflow. Data from these sensors is processed by the Engine Control Unit (ECU) to precisely regulate fuel delivery, ignition timing, and valve control. Modern systems increasingly utilize complex algorithms for emissions control, performance optimization, and diagnostic trouble code (DTC) generation. Key features include digital signal processing, closed-loop feedback mechanisms, and serial data communication via CAN bus.