Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors measure the volume of air entering the engine to determine the correct fuel injection quantity. Located within the intake system, typically between the air filter and throttle body, these sensors utilize a hot-wire or hot-film technology to calculate airflow mass. Output signals, usually voltage or frequency, are sent to the Engine Control Unit (ECU) for fuel trim calculations. Modern MAF sensors often incorporate temperature compensation for accurate readings across varying ambient conditions. Calibration and signal integrity are critical for proper engine performance and emissions control.