Wiper motors are electromechanical actuators responsible for driving the vehicle’s windshield wiper mechanism. Typically located within the wiper assembly, often beneath the cowl panel, they convert electrical energy into rotary motion via a multi-stage gear reduction. Modern units frequently incorporate intermittent or variable speed control via pulse-width modulation, and may include a park position activated by a detent switch. Some designs integrate a washer pump actuator for synchronized fluid delivery. Brushless DC motor variants are increasingly common for improved durability and efficiency.