Shock absorbers are velocity-sensitive, hydraulic dampers controlling unwanted spring oscillation in a vehicle’s suspension system. Typically implemented as a component of the strut assembly or rear suspension, they convert kinetic energy into thermal energy via piston movement through a pressurized fluid. Internal valving regulates damping force, tuned to specific vehicle load and driving conditions. Construction commonly utilizes a multi-stage piston design and robust cylinder body for durability and consistent performance. Performance characteristics are defined by compression and rebound damping rates, impacting ride control and handling.