Fuel injectors are electronically controlled valves that deliver precisely metered amounts of fuel into an engine’s intake manifold or directly into the combustion chamber. These components utilize solenoid-activated needles to atomize fuel under high pressure, optimizing air-fuel mixture for combustion. Injectors are specified by flow rate (cc/min) and spray pattern, critical for engine performance and emissions control. Modern injectors incorporate multi-hole nozzle designs and are often integrated with sealed O-rings and retaining clips for leak-proof installation. Failure modes typically involve clogging, electrical faults, or mechanical wear affecting fuel delivery volume and consistency.