Wheel nuts and bolts are critical fastening components securing wheels to a vehicle’s hubs. These parts transmit torque from the drivetrain to the wheels, enabling vehicle propulsion. Typically constructed from hardened steel alloys, they withstand high clamping forces and shear stresses. Variations include conical (tapered) seat, ball seat, and flat seat designs, each requiring corresponding mating surfaces on the wheel and hub. Precise torque specifications, determined by vehicle application, are essential for safe and reliable wheel retention. Proper thread engagement and corrosion resistance via coatings like zinc or chrome are also key features.