Switches and sensors monitor vehicle conditions and driver inputs, converting physical stimuli into electrical signals. These components are integral to systems including powertrain, chassis, body, and safety functions, enabling automated control and data reporting. Common types include position, temperature, pressure, and speed sensors, alongside electrical switches for controlling circuits. Signal outputs are typically analog voltage, digital pulse width modulation (PWM), or serial data. Robustness to vibration, temperature extremes, and contaminants is a critical design feature, often utilizing sealed housings and corrosion-resistant materials. Accurate calibration and reliable signal transmission are essential for proper system operation and diagnostic feedback.