Exhaust manifolds collect exhaust gases from multiple cylinder ports and direct them towards the exhaust system. Typically constructed of cast iron or stainless steel, they are mounted directly to the engine cylinder head. Manifolds feature precise port matching for optimized gas flow and often integrate coolant passages for thermal management. Designs may be tuned for specific engine performance characteristics, such as short-tube or long-tube configurations. Flanges provide secure mounting and sealing to both the cylinder head and downstream exhaust components.