Intake and exhaust systems manage the flow of air into and spent gases away from the engine. Intake components – including manifolds, throttle bodies, and air filters – deliver clean, metered air for combustion. Exhaust systems, comprised of manifolds, catalytic converters, resonators, and mufflers, remove combustion byproducts while minimizing emissions and noise. Modern systems increasingly utilize lightweight materials like stainless steel and titanium for weight reduction and corrosion resistance. Precise fitment and sealing are critical due to high temperatures and pressures, and many components feature integrated sensors for emissions control. Performance variations include designs optimized for increased airflow or reduced backpressure.