Crankshafts convert reciprocating linear motion of pistons into rotary motion, driving the vehicle’s drivetrain. Located within the engine block, they are connected to piston connecting rods and the flywheel/torque converter. Forged steel or cast iron construction provides high tensile strength and durability under combustion forces. Counterweights balance rotating and reciprocating mass, minimizing vibration. Oil passages are integrated to lubricate critical bearing surfaces. Precision machining of bearing journals and accurate balancing are essential for engine performance and longevity.