Roof panels constitute the upper, structural closure of a vehicle’s passenger compartment, typically spanning from the A-pillar to the C-pillar (or rear window). These panels provide structural rigidity, weather protection, and NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) mitigation. Construction materials include steel, aluminum, carbon fiber, and composite materials, each impacting vehicle weight and performance characteristics. Many designs integrate mounting provisions for roof racks, antennas, and lighting systems. Sunroof and targa-top variations incorporate moving panel sections with associated sealing and actuation mechanisms.