Frames and subframes constitute the structural core of a vehicle, providing mounting points for powertrain, suspension, and body components. Full frames typically support all vehicle loads in body-on-frame construction, while subframes are modular chassis components used in unibody vehicles to isolate vibration and simplify assembly. These components are constructed from steel or aluminum alloys, utilizing welded or riveted construction for high strength and rigidity. Critical features include precisely located mounting points, integrated reinforcement, and corrosion protection coatings. Dimensional accuracy is paramount for proper vehicle alignment and component fitment.